Supervisor: Dr Andrew Smallbone
Application deadline: 1 February 2027
Funding: Funded PhD Project (UK Students Only)
About the Project
Achieving thermal efficiencies beyond 50% represents a transformative opportunity for low-carbon power generation. Dual-piston Free-Piston Engine Generators (FPEGs), which directly couple a linear combustion engine to an electrical generator, offer a fundamentally new pathway to highly efficient, compact, and fuel-flexible power systems. These devices have strong potential in hybrid vehicles, distributed generation, and off-grid energy systems where efficiency, robustness, and fuel flexibility are critical.
This PhD project aims to deliver a step change in FPEG performance by combining first-of-a-kind experimental data with advanced computational modelling and artificial intelligence-driven control. Building on unique datasets generated by the University in collaboration with H2CHP Ltd, the research will address key technical barriers that currently limit efficiency, stability, and controllability in free-piston systems.
The project will develop high-fidelity numerical models of dual-piston FPEGs using advanced moving-mesh CFD coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. These models will be used to analyse and optimise gas exchange, combustion dynamics, and energy conversion processes across a range of net-zero fuels, including hydrogen, ammonia, and synthetic e-fuels. Particular emphasis will be placed on low-temperature combustion strategies (such as HCCI and RCCI) which offer the potential for ultra-high efficiency with inherently low emissions when properly controlled.
A defining innovation of this research is the integration of AI-based control frameworks into the engine design process. Reinforcement learning and machine-learning algorithms will be trained on large simulation datasets to develop adaptive control strategies capable of real-time optimisation of piston motion, combustion phasing, and electrical load management. This approach moves beyond traditional rule-based control, enabling the engine to respond intelligently to changing operating conditions, fuels, and power demands.
The successful candidate will gain expertise at the intersection of combustion science, computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, and advanced energy systems, while working on a technology with clear commercial and societal relevance. The project offers a rare opportunity to contribute to the development of next-generation net-zero power generators, combining fundamental research with strong industrial engagement and a clear pathway to real-world impact.
For informal enquiries please contact Prof Andrew Smallbone: [contact details available in the full listing]
The EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Renewable Energy Northeast Universities Plus (ReNU+) is a collaborative doctoral training programme run by the Universities of Northumbria, Newcastle and Durham. In addition to undertaking an individual scientific research project at one of the three partner Universities, doctoral candidates will engage with added value training opportunities through a 4-year training programme that has been designed to maximise the benefits of a cohort approach to doctoral training.
The start date is 1st October 2027.
Eligibility Requirements:
- A minimum of a 2:1 undergraduate integrated Masters degree in Mechanical Engineering or closely related subject, or International equivalent Regional Pages - Durham University
- Appropriate English Language qualifications (Direct Entry Band B - Durham University), if required.
- Applicants cannot apply if they are already a PhD holder or if currently engaged in Doctoral study at Durham or elsewhere.
- Must be able to commit to campus-based full-time or part-time study.
- Home fee student.
To be classed as a Home student, candidates must:
- Be a UK National (meeting residency requirements), or
- have settled status, or
- have pre-settled status (meeting residency requirements), or
- have indefinite leave to remain or enter.
If a candidate does not meet the criteria above, they would be classed as an International student.
Modes of study
Full time or Part Time at 0.6 Full Time Equivalent at Durham (see note for international students).
The EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Renewable Energy Northeast Universities Plus (ReNU+) is a collaborative doctoral training programme run by the Universities of Northumbria, Newcastle and Durham. In addition to undertaking an individual scientific research project at one of the three partner Universities, doctoral candidates will engage with added value training opportunities through a 4-year training programme that has been designed to maximise the benefits of a cohort approach to doctoral training. The start date is 1st October 2027.
Funding Information
The studentship is available to Home students only and includes a full stipend at UKRI rates (for 2025/26 full-time study this is £20,780 per year) with an additional £2500 per year, and full tuition fees. Studentships are also available for applicants who wish to study on a part-time basis (0.6 FTE, stipend £12,468 per year and full tuition fees) in combination with work or personal responsibilities).
How to apply
To apply please navigate to our Applications Link. If this link does not work on your computer, please go to our applications page, scroll to the bottom, and click on the ReNU course link – H1A601.
When completing the form on the application portal:
- Under the additional information tab and programme related information section, please input RENU+ CDT Funding and then write RENU/PISTON in the name of the scholarship. No research proposal or scholarship documents are required.
- When asked if you intend to apply for a scholarship to fund your studies – enter ‘yes’
- When asked which person you have discussed your research proposal with, please name the primary contact for the project you are applying for.
In addition to completing the application form, ensure you upload the following additional documents.
- A completed ReNU Plus Competency Assessment Form in the place of a proposal. Please read further instructions within the form.
- Curriculum Vitae (CV).
- Two satisfactory academic references.
- A personal statement
- Any other required documentation as listed on https://www.durham.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/research-degrees/how-to-apply/
Please ensure you follow all these steps to ensure your application is considered.
By submitting your application to ReNU+ you are agreeing for your data to be used as described in the ReNU+ privacy notice.
Funding Notes
Deadline for applications: 1 February 2027
Start date of course: 1 October 2027
